Strategies for management of pests and diseases of snap beans in Latin America
Material type: ArticleLanguage: English Description: 8 pSubject(s): LOC classification:- 38649
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Las plagas y enfermedades son las principales limitaciones para la produccion de habichuela en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales del mundo. Entre las condiciones mas importantes que favorecen su desarrollo estan el clima, la siembra de var. susceptibles en monocultivo en toda una region, las fechas de siembra escalonadas y el uso de semilla infectada. Ademas, el uso indiscriminado de productos quimicos elimina los insectos beneficos e induce resistencia. Entre las plagas mas importantes estan la mosca blanca, los minadores de las hojas, los saltahojas, los perforadores de la vaina, los crisomelidos, los gusanos trozadores, los grillos, los acaros y los bruquidos. En las regiones montanosas de clima templado, las enfermedades mas importantes durante la estacion lluviosa son antracnosis, anublo (Ascochyta), anublo de halo y moho blanco y gris. En la estacion seca prevalecen la roya, el mildeo polvoso y el anublo sureno. A menor altitud y clima mas calido, la roya, el anublo bacteriano y el mildeo polvoso son las enfermedades mas importantes. Sin embargo, en las tierras tropicales bajas, durante la estacion lluviosa, la mustia hilachosa es la enfermedad mas importante. El control de enfermedades y plagas debe seguir un enfoque integrado que incluya ampliacion de la base genetica, un control quimico mas racional, el uso de semilla limpia y rotaciones con cultivos que no sean hospedantes de plagas y enfermedades de la habichuela. (RA-CIAT)
Pests and diseases are important production constraints of snap beans in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Among the most important conditions favoring their development are climate, planting susceptible varieties in monoculture over entire regions, staggered planting dates, and planting infected seed. In addition, indiscriminate use of chemicals kills beneficial insects and induces resistance. Among the most important pests are whiteflies, leafminers, leafhoppers, pod borers, chrysomelids, cutworms, crickets, mites and bruchids. In highland regions with cool climates, anthracnose, ascochyta blight, halo blight, and white and gray mold are the most important diseases during rainy growing cycles. Rust, powdery mildew and southern blight are prevalent during the drier cycles. At lower altitudes with warmer climates, rust, bacterial blight and powdery mildew are the most important diseases. However, in the rainy, tropical lowlands, web blight is the most important disease. Disease and insect control should pursue an integrated approach that includes: a broadening of the genetic base; more rational chemical control; the use of clean seed; and rotations with crops that are not hosts for snap bean pests and diseases. (AS)